Mann–Whitney U Test
Outline only. Worked examples, references, and review are still required.
Your question
Do independent groups differ in their outcome distributions?
When to use this method
To develop: Describe the outcome, sampling unit, and eligible study designs.
What it estimates or tests
To develop: Define the target quantity and null and alternative hypotheses where relevant.
Check before running
To develop: Explain design assumptions and show relevant data checks. Independence comes from the design, not a normality test.
Run the analysis
To develop: Add a reproducible example linked to a chapter script and input dataset.
Understand the output
To develop: Explain the estimate, uncertainty, effect size, and test result without treating a p-value as the probability that the null is true.
Report the finding
To develop: Write an answer tied to the original question, with units and limitations.
Common mistakes and alternatives
To develop: Explain when the method does not answer the question and identify suitable alternatives.
References
To develop: Add authoritative method and software references when developing this chapter.